（3）美国碳化钨银标准，ASTM B663-94 (2012) Standard Specification for Silver-Tungsten Carbide Electrical Contact Material.pdf

Designation: B663 − 94 (Reapproved 2012) Standard Specification for Silver-Tungsten Carbide Electrical Contact Material1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation B663; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope contacts in a device depends on numerous factors outside the contact itself (opening speed, closing speed, contact pressure, contact bounce, environmental variations, assembly technique and variations, etc.), this specification cannot ensure performance control in the application. As part of the qualification on initial samples, it is recommended that the user functionally and electrically test the materials for all devices applicable to the material’s use. This specification will provide a means for the contact manufacturer and contact user to reach agreement on the details of the material to be supplied for a specific use, and reasonable assurance that future lots will be similar in properties and microstructure to the initial test or sample contacts supplied. 1.1 This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver-tungsten carbide by powder metallurgical procedures. 1.2 This specification covers compositions within the silvertungsten carbide system normally specified by users of contacts. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Ordering Information 4.1 Orders for this material under this specification shall include the following information: 4.1.1 Dimensions (see Section 10), 4.1.2 Chemical composition (see tables in the appendix as a possible guideline), 4.1.3 Physical properties (see Section 6 and appendix as a guideline), 4.1.4 Certification (see Section 13), and 4.1.5 Other features as agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 B328 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts and Oil-Impregnated Bearings (Withdrawn 2009)3 3. Significance and Use 5. Chemical Composition 3.1 Proprietary methods for the manufacture of these materials vary significantly among suppliers, and these methods influence such properties as arc erosion, contact resistance, and the tendency to weld in service. Since the performance of 5.1 The material shall conform to composition limits as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 5.2 The chemical analysis shall be made in accordance with the methods prescribed in the newest edition of Volume 01.02 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards or by any other approved method agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.05 on Precious Metals and Electrical Contact Materials. Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B663 – 94 (2006). DOI: 10.1520/B0663-94R12. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org. 6. Physical Properties 6.1 The manufacturer and the purchaser shall agree on qualification tests for determination of physical properties. 6.2 The tests shall be performed on production parts, wherever practical or applicable. (Small size contacts do not lend themselves to accurate conductivity measurement.) Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 1 B663 − 94 (2012) 10.2.2 These specification limits do not preclude the possible presence of other unnamed elements, impurities, or additives. Analysis shall be regularly made only for the minor elements listed in the table. However, if a user knows of elements that might be detrimental to their application or has other reasons for requiring analysis for specific elements, then agreement between manufacturer and purchaser for both limits and methods of analysis should be required for elements not specified. 6.3 The tests shall be determined after consideration of the function of the part. 6.4 The typical properties of three most common types of silver-tungsten contacts are given in the appendix. 7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations 7.1 Permissible variations in dimensions shall be within the limits specified on drawings describing the contacts and accompanying the order, or shall be within the limits specified in the purchase order. 10.3 Physical Tests—The manufacturer and the purchaser shall agree on a representative number of specimens for physical tests including microstructure. 8. Finishing of Contacts 8.1 The material shall be finished by such operations as necessary to meet requirements agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser of the contacts (braze alloy backing, tumbling to polish surfaces, special surface finish, silver-rich surface layer, cleaning, etc.). 11. Inspection 11.1 Unless otherwise specified, inspection of parts supplied on contract shall be made by the purchaser. 9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 12. Rejection 9.1 The parts shall be free of defects in material or processing, that would seriously affect their performance. 12.1 Unless otherwise specified, rejections based on tests made in accordance with the specification shall be reported to the manufacturer within 30 days of the receipt of the shipment. 10. Sampling 13. Certification 10.1 Lot—Unless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of parts of the same form and dimensions, made of powders of the same particle size range and composition, processed under the same conditions, and submitted for inspection at one time. 13.1 A certification, when requested by the user, based on the manufacturer’s quality control that the material conforms to the requirements of this specification, shall be furnished upon request of the purchaser, provided the request is made at the time of cost quotation and at the time of order placement. 10.2 Chemical Analysis 10.2.1 At least one sample for chemical analysis shall be taken from each lot. A representative sample of chips may be obtained by milling, drilling, or crushing at least two pieces with dry tools, without lubrication. In order to obtain oil free chips, the parts selected for test shall have the oil extracted in accordance with Test Method B328, if necessary. 14. Keywords 14.1 arcing contacts; contacts; electrical contacts; powder metallurgy; silver; silver tungsten carbide; tungsten carbide; tungsten carbide silver APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. TYPICAL PROPERTY VALUES X1.1 The following information provides guidelines for users and manufacturers of silver-tungsten carbide contact material. Typical ranges of chemistry and properties are given for the three most popular compositions, 40 % silver/60 % tungsten carbide, 50 % silver/50 % tungsten carbide, 65 % silver/35 % tungsten carbide. These properties are influenced by the particle size, shape, and distribution of tungsten carbide, homogeneity, impurities or additives, and other manufacturing process variables. X1.1.1 The best choice for a given application should be mutually decided between the purchaser and the manufacturer using their mutual experience and application engineering knowledge. X1.2 With the knowledge that several types are available, care should be taken to ensure that production lots are the same in all respects as samples and that if a seller change is made, noticeable property or performance variations are possible. NOTE X1.1—Table X1.1 and Table X1.2 represent the major manufacturing techniques used in industry. The size and shape of the part is important in choosing the optimum technique as well as other considerations such as frequency of operation of the device, and how crucial is its application 2 B663 − 94 (2012) TABLE X1.1 Typical Chemical Ranges Infiltrated Silver-Tungsten Carbide Contacts Composition,A Weight, % Class A Class B Class C Silver Tungsten carbide Copper, max Cobalt or nickel, max Total impurities, max 38 to 42 balance 0.5 0.5 1 48 to 52 balance 0.5 0.5 1 63 to 67 balance 0.5 0.5 1 Hardness, Rockwell B Density, Mg/m3 Electrical conductivity, % IACS Theoretical density, min, % Class A 95 to 105 13.1 35 to 40 96 Class B 86 to 96 12.6 45 to 50 96 Class C 50 to 65 11.9 55 to 60 96 Class A Class B Class C 120 000 827 95 000 655 80 000 552 56 × 106 386 50 × 106 345 36 × 106 248 55 000 379 40 000 276 39 500 272 7.6 × 10−6 13.7 × 10−6 8.25 × 10 −6 14.8 × 10−6 9.45 × 10−6 17 × 10−6 2808 405 4392 633 4968 716 Typical Properties Properties Modulus of rupture:B psi MPa Young’s modulus:B psi GPa Tensile strength:B psi MPa Coefficient of expansion:B in./in.·°F m/m·K Thermal conductivity:B Btu·in.h·ft2·°F W/m·K A Analysis is regularly made for the elements for which specific limits are listed. If, however, the presence of “other” elements is suspected or indicated in the course of routine analysis, further analysis shall be made to determine that the total of these “other” elements and the listed impurities are not in excess of the total impurities limit. B Items that are normally useful for engineering calculations in contact design but are not specified. TABLE X1.2 Typical Chemical Ranges Press, Sintered, and Repressed Silver-Tungsten Carbide Contacts CompositionA Weight, % Silver Tungsten carbide Copper, max Nickel or cobalt, max Total impurities, max Class A Class B Class C 38 to 42 balance 0.2 0.2 0.5 48 to 52 balance 0.2 0.2 0.5 63 to 67 balance 0.2 0.2 0.5 Class A 60 to 70 55 to 65 13.1 95 Class B 60 to 70 55 to 65 12.6 95 Class C 40 to 55 35 to 45 11.9 95 70 000 483 62 000 427 60 000 414 Typical Properties Hardness, Rockwell B (as repressed) Hardness, Rockwell B (annealed) Density, Mg/m3 Theoretical density, min,% Modulus of ruptureB psi MPa A Analysis is regularly made for the elements for which specific limits are listed. If, however, the presence of “other” elements is suspected or indicated in the course of routine analysis, further analysis shall be made to determine that the total of these “other” elements and the listed impurities are not in excess of the total impurities limit. B Items that are normally useful for engineering calculations in contact design but are not specified. ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/ COPYRIGHT/). 3